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监管“读心术”!联合国出手了

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    


近日联合国教科文组织总干事阿祖莱任命来自世界各地的24名专家制订首个全球神经技术伦理框架
或许你会问为什么要制定这个伦理框架?通俗来说就是为“读心术”等科幻技术搭建一个合规的“保护仓”
联合国教科文组织发布制定伦理框架消息图源:www.unesco.org
数据显示2015年至2020年间全球范围内每年申请的神经技术相关专利数量翻了一番

随着神经技术等科技的进步

记录和改变人类大脑活动的“读心术”

正在变成现实

但与此同时这类设备

产生的隐私问题挑战了现有的法律

同时也给伦理学家提出难题


《神经技术伦理问题》Ethical issues of neurotechnology图源:UNESDOC数字图书馆
2021年,联合国教科文组织生物伦理委员会发布《神经技术伦理问题》报告指出神经技术对大脑完整性、个人身份等权利和基本自由构成的威胁
2023年,该组织发布另一份报告强调随着神经技术研究采用新的生成式人工智能技术这一领域的创新步伐也在加快

脑机接口是即将上市的

众多神经技术之一

图片来源:Alexandra Wey

/EPA/Shutterstock


此前智利、西班牙、斯洛文尼亚和沙特阿拉伯等国已经开始制定监管规定智利更是在2021年成为第一个更新宪法承认神经技术是需要法律监管的国家
但这些显然还不够
神经技术概念图图源:Deemerwha studio/Shutterstock.com
在阿祖莱看来迫切需要在国际层面为神经技术行业建立一个共同的伦理框架
这道“防火墙”怎么建?既不能阻碍科学技术前进的步伐也不能让科学技术的发展成为“无缰之马”
图源:Yuri A/Shutterstock
4月22日
阿祖莱任命24名神经技术专家负责设计和撰写伦理框架草案倡议由此逐渐成形
特别专家组汇聚了来自世界各地拥有多元文化背景的专业人士他们活跃于神经科学、心理学、神经技术、人工智能、脑机接口、伦理学、生物伦理学等领域

神经技术应用展示

图源:www.unesco.org


有专家表示教科文组织此举是其在科学伦理领域长期经验的延续
各利益攸关方将在今年年内就专家的工作成果提出意见之后所有会员国将在教科文组织秘书处的领导下对其进行讨论以期在2025年11月教科文组织大会第43届会议上通过这一全球伦理框架




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参考丨科技日报、中国科学报、北京科技报、联合国教科文组织、Nature Portfolio撰文:雷渺鑫 编辑:李飞 排版:李汶键 统筹:李政葳

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